Affiliation:
1. kaléo, Inc., Richmond, VA
Abstract
Background: Opioid overdose continues to be a significant and growing cause of preventable
mortality and morbidity. Studies suggest that unintentional, non-fatal overdose from prescription
opioid analgesics constitutes a large portion of total overdose events. The societal burden
associated with these events is a frequently overlooked public health concern.
Objectives: To evaluate unintentional, non-fatal prescription opioid overdoses, including the
identification of risk factors, societal burden, and knowledge gaps where further study is warranted.
Study Design: Systematic review of the literature for unintentional, non-fatal opioid overdose.
Methods: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines were
used in constructing this systematic review. To determine the scope of the existing literature, a
systematic search was conducted using the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science
databases.
Results: This systematic review analyzes 24 articles (21 retrospective descriptive analyses, 2
prospective analyses, one phase III trial, and one meta-analysis). Articles were reviewed by authors
and relevant data examined. Results show that opioid overdose morbidity is significantly more
prevalent than mortality and sequelae of non-fatal events should be studied in more detail.
Limitations: The limitations of this systematic review include the range of study populations and
opioids discussed and the broad and variable definitions of “opioid overdose” in the literature.
Conclusion(s): Opioid overdose morbidity and mortality is seen across the entire spectrum of
inpatient and outpatient use with significant numbers of adverse events occurring in population
segments not identified by high risk indicators. Increased physician awareness and a multi-modal
approach could help mitigate the overdose epidemic while maintaining effective pain control for
patients.
Key words: Prescription, opioid, accidental drug overdose, unintentional overdose, drug
poisoning, fentanyl, oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone, oxymorphone, hydromorphone
Publisher
American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians
Subject
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Cited by
27 articles.
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