Adaptation of Teacher Immunity Scale to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

The literature on teacher identity has yet to fully succeed to address the relationship between personal and contextual factors of teacher identity. Therefore, researchers are attempting to come up with constructs that better account for teacher identity. Accordingly, teacher immunity is a new concept that is a construct teachers develop either productively or maladaptively to protect themselves from the ever-increasing stress and challenges in instructional environments. This study aims to adapt the Language Teacher Immunity Questionnaire (Hiver, 2017) to Turkish culture. Research data were collected from a sample of teachers from various branches working in public and private schools (n=357). The scale adaptation process consists of 20 consecutive steps offered by the researchers based on a comprehensive literature review. When linguistic equivalency was ensured, confirmatory factor analysis was performed for construct validity, and internal consistency was tested through McDonald’s Omega coefficients. After some modifications, the fit indices were above acceptable levels. Also, convergent and divergent validity were examined. According to the results, the Teacher Immunity Scale (TIS) in a 6-point Likert-type format consisting of 32 items gathered under seven factors preserved the original factor structure. This study offers a valid and reliable Turkish adapted form of TIS that can be used with teachers from all branches. Teacher immunity is an emerging concept in teacher identity research, and this adapted instrument allows researchers to research the construct in Turkish.