1. Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
2. Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing 100084, China.
3. Tsinghua University (Department of Earth System Science)-Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping Joint Research Center for Next-Generation Smart Mapping, Beijing 100084, China.
4. Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
5. International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China.
6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.
8. College of Land Science and Technology,
China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
9. Department of Geography, Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality,
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.