Comparison of Nutritional Status with Serum Vitamin D and B12 Levels in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes

Abstract

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the nutritional adequacy status of pregnant women with gestational diabetes and to examine the relationship between biochemical parameters such as vitamin D, vitamin B12, hemoglobin, hematocrit and fasting glucose. Methods: In the study, serum vitamin D and B12 levels of 130 pregnant women between 24-28 weeks of gestation were examined. As a result of 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test, 70 pregnant women were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The control group consisted of 60 healthy pregnant women. Nutritional factors were obtained through a questionnaire (anthropometric measurements, micronutrients, 3-day food consumption frequency, use of vitamin supplements) and groups were compared in terms of biochemical parameters (vitamin D, vitamin B12). Results: Pregnant women with GDM; mean age (30.34 ± 5.28), family history of diabetes (17.1%), pre-pregnancy body mass index percentage (54.3%), rate of skipping meals were higher. The rate of use of vitamin and mineral supplements in pregnant women with GDM was low. According to the analysis of 3-day food consumption records of pregnant women with GDM, it was determined that the intake of micronutrients vitamin D and vitamin B12 was insufficient. Biochemical parameters such as vitamin D, vitamin B12, hemoglobin and hematocrit were found to be lower in pregnant women with GDM. Conclusion: GDM is the most common endocrinological disorder in pregnancy. The study showed that inadequate nutrient intake negatively affects blood glucose levels and biochemical findings. Individuals with GDM should be referred to a nutritionist, medical nutrition therapy (TBT) appropriate for their individual characteristics should be given and monitored.