Affiliation:
1. Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9
Abstract
Abstract
Glycinebetaine (betaine) affords osmoprotection in bacteria, plants and animals, and protects cell components against harsh conditions in vitro. This and a compelling body of other evidence have encouraged the engineering of betaine production in plants lacking it. We have installed the metabolic step for oxidation of choline, a ubiquitous substance, to betaine in three diverse species, Arabidopsis, Brassica napus, and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), by constitutive expression of a bacterial choline oxidase gene. The highest levels of betaine in independent transgenics were 18.6, 12.8, and 13 μmol g−1 dry weight, respectively, values 10- to 20-fold lower than the levels found in natural betaine producers. However, choline-fed transgenic plants synthesized substantially more betaine. Increasing the choline supplementation further enhanced betaine synthesis, up to 613 μmol g−1 dry weight in Arabidopsis, 250 μmol g−1 dry weight in B. napus, and 80 μmol g−1 dry weight in tobacco. These studies demonstrate the need to enhance the endogenous choline supply to support accumulation of physiologically relevant amounts of betaine. A moderate stress tolerance was noted in some but not all betaine-producing transgenic lines based on relative shoot growth. Furthermore, the responses to stresses such as salinity, drought, and freezing were variable among the three species.
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Plant Science,Genetics,Physiology
Cited by
272 articles.
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