Characterization of High-Pressure Hydrogen Leakages

Author:

Cerbarano Davide1,Tieghi Lorenzo1,Delibra Giovanni1,Lo Schiavo Ermanno2,Minotti Stefano3,Corsini Alessandro4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy

2. Automate s.r.l, Rome 00127, Italy

3. Baker Hughes, Florence 50127, Italy

4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 3245678, Italy

Abstract

Abstract Reduction of gas turbine (GT) carbon emissions relies on a strategy for fueling the engines with pure or blended hydrogen. The major technical challenges to solve are (i) the adjustments to the engine and in particular the combustion chamber and (ii) a series of issues to solve to guarantee safe operations. In fact, compared to natural gas, hydrogen fueling implies higher risks of explosion in case of leak in the turbine enclosure and a more careful design of the ventilation system. Thus, a deeper comprehension of hydrogen leak scenarios is needed to adjust the safe design strategy of the enclosure. To this aim, a series of numerical investigations was carried out to understand how different methane–hydrogen blends (from pure methane to pure hydrogen) behave when leaking from a pipeline with fuel pressure that span from 1.5 to 4.5 MPa. The different fuel blends' leaks in form of underexpanded jets were studied under different cross-flow ventilation conditions, with ventilation velocity spanning from 0 m/s to 5 m/s. When compared to pure methane, the outcome is a three times longer penetration distance for pure hydrogen axisymmetric flammable clouds, whereas in cross-flow conditions a more complex three-dimensional behavior was found, potentially opening a safety-related concerns discussed in the paper.

Publisher

ASME International

Subject

Mechanical Engineering,Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Aerospace Engineering,Fuel Technology,Nuclear Energy and Engineering

Reference37 articles.

1. Moving Gas Turbine Package From Conventional Gas to Hydrogen Blend,2021

2. Review on Hydrogen Safety Issues: Incident Statistics, Hydrogen Diffusion, and Detonation Process;Int. J. Hydrogen Energy,2021

3. Safety Developments in Gas Turbine Power Applications,2002

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