Preliminary Study on a Solar Water Heater Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Working Fluid

Abstract

In this paper, a solar water heater using supercritical carbon dioxide as working fluid is proposed and experimentally studied. For supercritical carbon dioxide, a small change in temperature or pressure can result in large change in density, especially in the state close to the critical point. Thus, natural convective flow of the supercritical carbon dioxide can be easily induced by solar heating or water cooling. Such convective flow absorbs and transports heat to water in solar collector tubes. Motivated by the above idea, an experimental setup was designed, and a solar water heater was tested. The obtained results show that natural convective flow is well induced, and a flow of 1900 Reynolds number can be achieved even in winter, when the lowest level of solar radiation condition occurs. Furthermore, the measured collector and heat recovery efficiencies are 66.0% and 65.0%, respectively. More details of its mechanism are to be studied, and a complete performance analysis is needed.