Parametric Study of a Simplified Ice Storage Model Operating Under Conventional and Optimal Control Strategies*

Author:

Henze Gregor P.1

Affiliation:

1. Architectural Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1110 South 67th Street, Peter Kiewit Institute 203-D, Omaha, NE 68182-0681

Abstract

A simplified ice storage system model was developed in which the icemaking mode is reflected by a higher power consumption per unit cooling than in chilled-water mode. The performance of four control strategies for ice storage systems is evaluated. The four control strategies investigated are chiller-priority and constant-proportion as conventional, instantaneous controls, while storage-priority and optimal control represent sophisticated controls employing load forecasting. Six parameters were investigated with respect to their influence on the ice storage system performance: Storage losses, utility rate structures, rate periods, penalty for icemaking, storage capacity, and the impact of load forecasting. Optimal control was determined to provide maximal operating cost savings. The storage-priority control yields operating costs only slightly higher than those of optimal control. Chiller-priority control realized savings that were typically on the order of 50% of what is theoretically possible (optimal control). Constant-proportion control proved to be a simple control strategy yielding higher savings than chiller-priority, yet lower than storage-priority control.

Publisher

ASME International

Subject

Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

Reference8 articles.

1. Akbari, H., and Sezgen, O., 1992 Case Studies of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Systems: Evaluation and Verification of System Performance, LBL-30852, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Univ. of California, Energy and Environment Division.

2. Braun, J. E. , 1992, “A Comparison of Chiller-Priority, Storage-Priority, and Optimal Control of an Ice-Storage System,” ASHRAE Trans., 98(1), pp. 893–902.

3. Simmonds, P. , 1994, “A Comparison of Energy Consumption for Storage Priority and Chiller Priority for Ice-Based Thermal Storage Systems,” ASHRAE Trans., 100(1), pp. 1746–1753.

4. Meyer, M., and Emery, A. F., 1992, “Optimal Sizing and Control of Ice Storage and Refrigeration Systems in Commercial Buildings,” American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE): Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings,1, pp. 1.181–1.191.

5. Spethmann, D. H. , 1989, “Optimal Control for Cool Storage,” ASHRAE Trans., 95(1), pp. 1189–1193.

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