Review of Mechanisms and Research Methods for Blunt Ballistic Head Injury

Author:

Li Yizhao1,Adanty Kevin2,Vakiel Paris34,Ouellet Simon5,Vette Albert H.67,Raboud Donald2,Dennison Christopher R.8

Affiliation:

1. Biomedical Instrumentation Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada

2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada ; , Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada

4. School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia , Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada ; , Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada

5. Weapons Effects and Protection Section, Defence R&D Valcartier Research Centre , Quebec, QC G3J 1X5, Canada

6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada ; , Edmonton, AB T5G 0B7, Canada

7. Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Alberta Health Services , Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada ; , Edmonton, AB T5G 0B7, Canada

8. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada

Abstract

AbstractHead injuries account for 15%–20% of all military injuries and pose a high risk of causing functional disability and fatality. Blunt ballistic impacts are one of the threats that can lead to severe head injuries. This review aims to examine the mechanisms and injury risk assessment associated with blunt ballistic head injury (BBHI). The review further discusses research methods and instrumentation used in BBHI studies, focusing on their limitations and challenges. Studies on the mechanisms of focal and diffuse brain injuries remain largely inconclusive and require further effort. Some studies have attempted to associate BBHIs with head mechanics, but more research is required to establish correlations between head mechanics and injury severity. Limited access to experimental models and a lack of instrumentation capable of measuring the mechanics of brain tissue in situ are potential reasons for the lack of understanding of injury mechanisms, injury correlations, and injury tolerance levels specific to this loading regime. Targeted research for understanding and assessing head injuries in blunt ballistic impacts is a necessary step in improving our ability to design protection systems to mitigate these injuries.

Publisher

ASME International

Subject

Physiology (medical),Biomedical Engineering

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