Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Low Aspect Ratio Turbine Stage: Modeling Issues and Flow Physics

Abstract

In this paper the three-dimensional unsteady aerodynamics of a low aspect ratio, high pressure turbine stage is studied. Fully unsteady, three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed using the commercial code ANSYS-CFX The numerical model is critically evaluated against experimental data. Measurements were performed with a three-dimensional fast-response aerodynamic pressure probe in the closed-loop test rig operating in the Laboratorio di Fluidodinamica delle Macchine of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy). An analysis is first reported about the strategy to reduce the CPU and memory requirements while performing three-dimensional simulations of stator-rotor interaction in actual turbomachinery. What emerges as the best choice, at least for subsonic stages, is to simulate the unsteady behaviour of the rotor blade row alone by applying the stator outlet flow field as rotating inlet boundary condition. When measurements are available upstream of the rotor the best representation of the experimental results downstream of the stage is achieved. The agreement with the experiments achieved at the rotor exit makes the CFD simulation a key-tool for the comprehension and the interpretation of the physical mechanisms acting inside the rotor channel (often difficult to achieve using experiments only). Numerical investigations have been carried out by varying the incidence at the vane entrance. Different vane incidence angles lead to different size, position, and strength of secondary vortices coming out from the stator. The configuration is chosen is such a way to isolate the effects of the vortex-blade interaction. Results show that some general trends can be recognized in the vortex-blade interaction. The sense of rotation and the spanwise position of the incoming vortices play a crucial role on their interaction with the rotor vortices, thus determining both the time-mean and the time-resolved characteristics of the stage-exit secondary field.