Influence of Vibration–Dissociation Coupling and Number of Reactions in Hypersonic Nonequilibrium Flows

Abstract

Abstract During the atmospheric cruising of a hypersonic vehicle, the thermal and chemical nonequilibrium effects characterize the flow field within the shock layer. Therefore an understanding of nonequilibrium flow is essential for the efficient design of a hypersonic vehicle. The present numerical study uses various canonical configurations to study the thermochemical nonequilibrium effects in hypersonic flows. The present study investigates the influence of the vibration–dissociation (V–D) coupling method and the number of reactions on shock standoff distance (SSD), vibrational relaxation process, and surface properties. A finite volume method-based solver using the open-source platform openfoam has been developed to analyze the thermochemical nonequilibrium effects in the hypersonic flow field. The current results show that thermal and chemical nonequilibrium flow assumptions significantly affect SSD, and hence these assumptions are necessary to study the cases with a higher degree of nonequilibrium. The number of reactions influences the vibrational relaxation of diatomic gases in the air. At the same time, the V–D coupling method used to calculate reaction rate constants has a negligible impact on the vibrational relaxation process. Moreover, the V–D coupling method and the number of reactions marginally affect surface pressure. However, in the case of surface heat flux, the 11 reaction model predicts higher peak values than the 17 reaction model.