Aerodynamic Factors Affecting Performance of Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Abstract

Unlike the conventional aerodynamic applications, the straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) operate in a circular motion and encounter a wide range of angle of attacks, especially at low tip speed ratios. When the blade angle of attack remains constant or varies slowly with time, it encounters the static stall. However, when the angle of attack changes rapidly with time, it experiences the dynamic stall which is far more difficult to analyze and predict than the static stall. Furthermore, the blade/blade wake interaction in straight-bladed VAWTs also presents modeling problem. In this paper, all of these aforesaid aerodynamic factors are discussed. It was found that these factors need special attention for designing a self-starting straight-bladed VAWT with optimum performance. A numerical method based on Cascade model, proposed by Hirsch and Mandal [1], that gives reasonable correlation with the experimental data available has been used. The effects of dynamic stall and flow curvature on the performance of a straight-bladed VAWT have been analyzed. It is observed from the analysis that aerodynamic forces due to dynamic stall are higher than those due to static stall. As a result, for the performance prediction of straight-bladed VAWTs, especially for the local forces, there can be substantial differences between the experimental data and the calculated values unless the dynamic stall effect is added.