Sustainability and Manufacturing Philosophy: From Mass Production to Intelligent Energy Field Manufacturing

Abstract

In the downturn of economy, it is meaningful to reflect on the evolution of engineering philosophies. This paper gives a historical review of major manufacturing philosophies and methodologies, such as mass production, lean manufacturing, systematic innovation, digital manufacturing, and sustainable development. The general strategy of Intelligent EFM and the from nature to nature philosophy of engineering are established to help achieve both prosperity and sustainability.