1. Key Laboratory for Enhanced Oil & Gas Recovery of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
2. Oil Production Technology Institute, PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company, Tianjin 300280, China
3. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02139