Relative Contribution of Wall Shear Stress and Injury in Experimental Intimal Thickening at PTFE End-to-Side Arterial Anastomoses

Abstract

Background : Intimal hyperplastic thickening (IHT) is a frequent cause of prosthetic bypass graft failure. Induction and progression of IHT is thought to involve a number of mechanisms related to variation in the flow field, injury and the prosthetic nature of the conduit. This study was designed to examine the relative contribution of wall shear stress and injury to the induction of IHT at defined regions of experimental end-to-side prosthetic anastomoses. Methods and Results: The distribution of IHT was determined at the distal end-to-side anastomosis of seven canine Iliofemoral PTFE grafts after 12 weeks of implantation. An upscaled transparent model was constructed using the in vivo anastomotic geometry, and wall shear stress was determined at 24 axial locations from laser Doppler anemometry measurements of the near wall velocity under conditions of pulsatile flow similar to that present in vivo. The distribution of IHT at the end-to-side PTFE graft was determined using computer assisted morphometry. IHT involving the native artery ranged from 0.0±0.1 mm to 0.05±0.03 mm. A greater amount of IHT was found on the graft hood (PTFE) and ranged from 0.09±0.06 to 0.24±0.06 mm. Nonlinear multivariable logistic analysis was used to model IHT as a function of the reciprocal of wall shear stress, distance from the suture line, and vascular conduit type (i.e. PTFE versus host artery). Vascular conduit type and distance from the suture line independently contributed to IHT. An inverse correlation between wall shear stress and IHT was found only for those regions located on the juxta-anastomotic PTFE graft. Conclusions: The data are consistent with a model of intimal thickening in which the intimal hyperplastic pannus migrating from the suture line was enhanced by reduced levels of wall shear stress at the PTFE graft/host artery interface. Such hemodynamic modulation of injury induced IHT was absent at the neighboring artery wall.