Mixed Convection in a Cubical Cavity With Active Lateral Walls and Filled With Hybrid Graphene–Platinum Nanofluid

Author:

Hussein Ahmed Kadhim1,Kolsi Lioua23,Almeshaal Mohammed A.4,Li Dong5,Ali Hafiz Muhammad6,Ahmed Israa S.7

Affiliation:

1. College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Babylon, Babylon City, Hilla 51002, Iraq e-mail:

2. College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Haïl University, Haïl City 81411, Saudi Arabia;

3. Research Laboratory of Metrology and Energy Systems, National Engineering School, Energy Engineering Department, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia e-mail:

4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia e-mail:

5. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Fazhan Lu Street, Daqing 163318, China e-mail:

6. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan e-mail:

7. Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq e-mail:

Abstract

The mixed convection in a cubical cavity with active lateral walls and filled with a graphene–platinum hybrid nanofluid was investigated numerically and exclusively in the present paper. The lateral left and back sidewalls were kept at a hot temperature (Th), while the lateral right and front sidewalls were kept at a cold temperature (Tc). Both the top and bottom walls were assumed thermally insulated. The top wall of the cavity was considered moving with two different directions. The first one is in the x-direction (case I), while the second case is in the z-direction (case II). Also, the case of the fixed top wall was studied just for comparison. The solid volume fractions have been varied as 0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.1%, while the Richardson number is varied in the range of 0.01 ≤Ri ≤ 10. It was found that the maximum average Nusselt number corresponds to the case when the top wall moving in the negative x-direction. Also, the results indicated that the average Nusselt number increases with the increase in the Richardson number and the solid volume fraction.

Publisher

ASME International

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,General Engineering,Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science

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