Optimization of Enclosed Aisle Data Centers Using Bypass Recirculation

Author:

Demetriou Dustin W.1,Khalifa H. Ezzat2

Affiliation:

1. Ph.D. Candidate and Research AssistantMechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244

2. Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210

Abstract

The work presented in this paper describes a simplified thermodynamic model that can be used for exploring optimization possibilities in air-cooled data centers. The model is used to evaluate parametrically the total energy consumption of the data center cooling infrastructure for data centers that utilize aisle containment. The analysis highlights the importance of reducing the total power required for moving the air within the computer room air conditioners (CRACs), the plenum, and the servers, rather than focusing primarily or exclusively on reducing the refrigeration system’s power consumption. In addition, the benefits of introducing a bypass recirculation branch in enclosed aisle configurations are shown. The analysis shows a potential for as much as a 60% savings in cooling infrastructure energy consumption by utilizing an optimized enclosed aisle configuration with bypass recirculation, instead of a traditional enclosed aisle in which all the data center exhaust is forced to flow through the CRACs. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics is used to evaluate practical arrangements for implementing bypass recirculation in raised floor data centers. A configuration where bypass tiles, with controllable low-lift fans, are placed close to the discharge of CRACs results in increased mixing and is shown to be a suitable method for providing nearly thermally uniform conditions to the inlet of the servers in an enclosed cold aisle. Other configurations of bypass implementation are also discussed and explored.

Publisher

ASME International

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Computer Science Applications,Mechanics of Materials,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Reference35 articles.

1. Data Centers’ Energy Auditing and Benchmarking-Progress Update;Salim;ASHRAE Trans.

2. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2007, “Report to Congress on Data Center Energy Efficiency,” Public Law 109–431.

3. Waterside and Airside Economizers Design Considerations for Data Center Facilities;Lui;ASHRAE Trans.

4. Thermal Profile of a High-Density Data Center—Methodology to Thermally Characterize a Data Center;Schmidt;ASHRAE Trans.

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