Noise Prediction of a Centrifugal Fan: Numerical Results and Experimental Validation

Abstract

Centrifugal fans are widely used in several applications, and in some cases, the noise generated by these machines has become a serious problem. The centrifugal fan noise is frequently dominated by tones at the blade passing frequency as a consequence of the strong interaction between the flow discharged from the impeller and the volute tongue. In this study, a previously published aeroacoustic prediction methodology (Cho, Y., and Moon, Y.J., 2003, “Discrete Noise Prediction of Variable Pitch Cross-Flow Fans by Unsteady Navier-Stokes Computations,” ASME J. Fluids Eng., 125, pp. 543–550) has been extended to three-dimensional turbulent flow in order to predict the noise generated by a centrifugal fan. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the complete unsteady flow on the whole impeller-volute configuration has been carried out using the computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT®. The unsteady forces applied by the fan blades to the fluid are obtained from the data provided by the simulation. The Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings model extension of Lighthill’s analogy has been used to predict the aerodynamic noise generated by the centrifugal fan from these unsteady forces. Also, the noise generated by the fan has been measured experimentally, and the experimental results have been compared to the numerical results in order to validate the aerodynamic noise prediction methodology. Reasonable agreement has been found between the numerical and the experimental results.