Periodic Disturbance Accommodating Control for Blade Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines
Author:
Stol Karl A.1, Balas Mark J.2
Affiliation:
1. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401 2. Department of Aerospace Engineering Science, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
Abstract
Performance of a model-based periodic gain controller for wind turbines is presented using Disturbance Accommodating Control (DAC) techniques to estimate fluctuating wind disturbances. The control objective is to regulate rotor speed at above-rated wind speeds while mitigating cyclic blade root loads. Actuation is via individual blade pitch, and sensors are limited to rotor angle and speed. The modeled turbine is a two-bladed, downwind machine with simple blade and tower flexibility having four degrees of freedom. Comparisons are made to a time-invariant DAC controller and to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) design. Simulations are performed using a fluctuating wind input and a nonlinear turbine model. Results indicate that the state-space control designs are effective in reducing blade loads without a sacrifice in speed regulation. The periodic controller shows the most potential because it uses a time-varying turbine model to estimate unmeasured states. The use of additional sensors to help reconstruct the blade flap rate can significantly improve the level of load attenuation, as witnessed in full-state feedback results.
Publisher
ASME International
Subject
Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Reference15 articles.
1. Johnson, C. D., 1976, “Theory of Disturbance Accommodating Controllers,” Advances in Control and Dynamic Systems, 12, ed. C. T. Leondes. 2. Kendall, L., Balas, M., Lee, Y. J., and Fingersh, L. J., 1997, “Application of Proportional-Integral and Disturbance Accommodating Control of Variable Speed Variable Pitch Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines,” Wind Eng., 21, pp. 21–38. 3. Stol, K., Rigney, B., and Balas, M., 2000, “Disturbance Accommodating Control of a Variable-Speed Turbine Using a Symbolic Dynamics Structural Model,” Proc. 19th ASME Wind Energy Symp., Reno, NV, pp. 84–90. 4. Wright, A. D., and Balas, M. J., 2003, “Design of Modern Controls for the Controlled Advanced Research Turbine (CART),” Proc. 22nd ASME Wind Energy Symp., Reno, NV, pp. 304–316. 5. McKillip, R., 1984, “Periodic Control of the Individual-Blade-Control Helicopter Rotor,” Ph.D. thesis, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
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