The Matching of a Vaned Diffuser With a Radial Compressor Impeller and Its Effect on the Stage Performance

Abstract

The matching of a vaned diffuser with a centrifugal impeller is examined with a one-dimensional (1D) analysis combined with extensive experimental data. A matching equation is derived to define the required throat area of the diffuser relative to the throat area of the impeller at different design speeds and validated by comparison with a wide range of compressor designs. The matching equation is then used to give design guidelines for the throat area of vaned diffusers operating with impellers at different tip-speed Mach numbers. An analysis of test data for a range of high pressure ratio turbocharger compressor stages is presented in which different matching between the diffuser and the impeller has been experimentally examined. The test data includes different impellers with different diffuser throat areas over a wide range of speeds. It is shown that the changes in performance with speed and diffuser throat area can be explained on the basis of the tip-speed Mach number which causes both the diffuser and impeller to choke at the same mass flow. Based on this understanding, a radial compressor map prediction method is extended to include this parameter, so that more accurate maps for matched and mismatched vaned diffusers can be predicted.