Dynamic Forced Performance of an O-Rings Sealed Squeeze Film Damper Lubricated With a Low Supply Pressure and a Simple Method to Quantify Air Ingestion

Abstract

Abstract Contemporary squeeze film dampers (SFDs) in air-breathing engines are short in length to limit weight and part count and lubricated with a low feed pressure to reduce oil storage and pumping power. In SFDs, O-rings (ORs) restrict side leakage and increase the viscous damping while a adding a modest centering stiffness. Continuing a long-term project characterizing SFDs for aircraft engines and extending the original work (San Andrés and Rodríguez, 2021, “On the Experimental Dynamic Force Performance of a Squeeze Film Damper Supplied Through a Check Valve and Sealed With O-Rings,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power, 143(11), p. 111011) the paper details measurements of the forced performance of an OR sealed damper (OR-SFD) with diameter D = 127 mm, land length L = 0.2 D, and radial clearance c = 0.0022 D. Lubricant ISO VG 2 supplied at 0.69 bar(g) fills an upstream oil plenum and flows into the middle of the land through a single orifice configured with a check valve. Measurements of applied single-frequency dynamic loads, along with the ensuing damper displacements and accelerations serve to identify the parameters of the test structure, ORs, and SFD. The tests encompass centered whirl motions with amplitude r = 0.05–0.45c, and a range of whirl frequencies, ω = 10–130 Hz. Note the squeeze velocity vs =  rω reaches 102 mm/s. The ORs force coefficients are nearly invariant with frequency but do depend on the orbit amplitude. The ORs' stiffness (KOR) decreases by 75% as the motion amplitude increases, r → 0.45c, likely due to the large elastic deformations and slow recovery of the ORs material. For small amplitude motions (r/c = 0.05 and 0.10), the ORs damping coefficient (COR) is ∼10% of the overall coefficient for the lubricated system (CL), while for r/c > 0.25, COR ∼ 0.03CL. For small amplitudes of whirl (r ≤ 0.25c), the SFD experimental viscous damping (CSFD) and added mass (MSFD) coefficients, identified over a shorter frequency range (vs<30 mm/s) equal theoretical magnitudes for a fully sealed damper. As the orbit size grows to r = 0.45c MSFD drops nearly by 75% and CSFD decreases by ∼40% due to the onset of both lubricant cavitation and air ingestion occurring for squeeze velocities vs ≥ 24.5 mm/s, as also seen in the recorded dynamic pressures and video recordings of a bubbly mixture leaving the damper. A comprehensive flow model predicts CSFD and MSFD about 8% and 12% larger than the experimentally identified coefficients. A novel approach enables the estimation of the gas volume fraction (GVF) generated in the damper which rapidly increases as vs grows. The simple procedure draws into a deflated balloon the material contents in the squeeze film, weighs the sample, and identifies its volume to produce an estimate of the GVF. The procedure to quantify the GFV will assist in the validation of predictive tools.