Implementation and Validation of a 1D Fluid Model for Collapsible Channels

Author:

Anderson Peter1,Fels Sidney2,Green Sheldon1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada e-mail:

2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada e-mail:

Abstract

A 1D fluid model is implemented for the purpose of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations in complex and completely collapsible geometries, particularly targeting the case of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The fluid mechanics are solved separately from any solid mechanics, making possible the use of a highly complex and/or black-box solver for the solid mechanics. The fluid model is temporally discretized with a second-order scheme and spatially discretized with an asymmetrical fourth-order scheme that is robust in highly uneven geometries. A completely collapsing and reopening geometry is handled smoothly using a modified area function. The numerical implementation is tested with two driven-geometry cases: (1) an inviscid analytical solution and (2) a completely closing geometry with viscous flow. Three-dimensional fluid simulations in static geometries are performed to examine the assumptions of the 1D model, and with a well-defined pressure-recovery constant the 1D model agrees well with 3D models. The model is very fast computationally, is robust, and is recommended for OSA simulations where the bulk flow pressure is primarily of interest.

Publisher

ASME International

Subject

Physiology (medical),Biomedical Engineering

Reference46 articles.

1. Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults;JAMA,2004

2. Mechanisms of Obstructive Sleep-Apnea;Chest,1992

3. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea;Lancet,2002

4. Flow-Induced Oscillation of Collapsed Tubes and Airway Structures;Resp. Physiol. Neurobiol.,2008

5. Anatomy of Pharynx in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and in Normal Subjects;J. Appl. Physiol.,1997

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