Technological Procedure for the Manufacture of Products Using Felling Residues

Abstract

Increasing the profit received from 1 hectare of the developed forest area is one of the priority tasks of the forest industry today. This parameter describes the efficiency of forest management and affects the availability of wood resources. One of the possible solutions of this issue is the development of effective technological chains of manufacturing commodity products from wood felling residues. Currently, there are ample opportunities to obtain various products from harvested wood, including wastes from its logging and processing. The product range is significantly differentiated by cost and selling price. In Russia one of the important factors is the demand for certain types of products from wood resources, which is significantly inferior in its volume to foreign markets. Costs related to the manufacturing process are the most significant in the structure of production costs. Meanwhile, expenses may vary dramatically depending on the chosen technology, logistics, and specific production conditions in terms of the formation sources and specific weight in the overall structure. The set of factors that influence the choice of the type of products to be produced and, ultimately, the reasonable portfolio of commodity products, is not easy to consider in the issues of optimization. The study aims at forming a technological chain of processing felling residues at the stage of logging operations with obtaining an effective portfolio of commodity products under dynamic natural and production conditions. We propose to apply a graph-analytical model, in which the peaks of the graph are the cutting area, production operations, and а consumer. The arcs of this model are characterized by the carrying capacity limited by the productivity or volume of raw materials available for the operation, as well as the labor and costs (variable and constant). It should be mentioned that fixed costs arise primarily in the wood storage. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is the accounting of irrecoverable losses resulting from certain production operations and from the longterm storage of timber used for manufacturing commodity products including the costs of their disposal. The proposed graph-analytical model and procedure for solving the problem will allow determining the optimal technological chains of processing of wood felling residues with obtaining a commercial yield portfolio.