Biogeography, Speciation and Taxonomy within the genus Bactrocera Macquart with application to the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae)

Author:

DREW R.A.I.ORCID,HANCOCK D.L.ORCID

Abstract

The genus Bactrocera Macquart comprises a large group of some 750 species distributed across the Asia-Pacific and Afrotropical regions. Most of these have been described and revised by Drew (1989), Drew & Hancock (1994) and Drew & Romig (2013, 2022). A taxonomic study of such a large and diverse group of species provides valuable information that can be used in the elucidation of concepts on biogeography and evolution that are presented in this paper. While a wider discussion of this genus and its many complexes of sibling species awaits a future publication, in this paper we discuss the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex in light of current knowledge of biogeography and evolution in the Asia-Pacific region. Within the dorsalis complex, 70 species were recognized in South-East Asia by Drew & Romig (2013) and eight listed for Papua New Guinea and Australia by Drew (1989). Seventy-nine species are now included in this paper. Within this complex, two major groups occur, one with species responding to methyl eugenol and the other to cue lure. The 34 non-cue lure responding group of species are discussed, most of which respond to methyl eugenol and seven of which are recognized as having pest status, namely, B. carambolae Drew & Hancock, B. caryeae (Kapoor), B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. kandiensis Drew & Hancock, B. occipitalis (Bezzi), B. ochroma Drew & Romig and B. papayae Drew & Hancock. An eighth species, Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White is included in this discussion on the basis of its molecular similarity to B. dorsalis. The remaining group of 45 species, mostly cue lure-responding and including the pest species B. pyrifoliae Drew & Hancock and B. syzygii White & Tsuruta, are also discussed. Morphological and ecological data are presented for each pest species and their biosecurity risks assessed. In addition, new data based on further research on the male aedeagus have demonstrated that B. carambolae, B. occipitalis, B. papayae and B. invadens are markedly different from B. dorsalis in the dimensions and shape of the glans and preglans appendix. Based on this evidence, and that presented by Drew & Romig (2016), the withdrawal of B. papayae and B. invadens from synonymy with B. dorsalis by Drew & Romig (2016) remains valid, while the similarity in aedeagus characters between B. papayae and B. philippinensis further supports the synonymisation of these two species. The remainder of the 34 non-cue lure responding species are distributed from the Indian subcontinent, across South-East Asia, Papua New Guinea and north-eastern Australia, some with restricted geographic distributions and specific host plant species. Comments on the reliability of molecular phylogenies in the Dacini are included, with the published mitogenome of ‘Dacus longicornis’ regarded, on morphological evidence, as data based on a misidentification of Dacus (Mellesis) polistiformis (Senior-White), and the recent synonymy of B. albistrigata (de Meijere) with B. frauenfeldi (Schiner) considered to be based on insufficient evidence.  

Publisher

Magnolia Press

Subject

Animal Science and Zoology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference1 articles.

1.

Allwood, A.J., Chinajariyawong A., Drew R.A.I., Hamacek, E.L., Hancock, D.L., Hengsawad, C., Jipanin, J.C., Jirasurat, M., Kong Krong, C., Kritsaneepaiboon, S., Leong, C.T.S. & Vijaysegaran, S. (1999) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South East Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 7, 1–92.
Bellis, G.A., Brito, A.A., de Jesus, H., Quintao, V., Sarmento, J.C., Bere, A., Rodrigues, J. & Hancock, D.L. (2017) A preliminary account of the fruit fly fauna of Timor-Leste (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Zootaxa, 4362 (3), 421–432. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4362.3.6
Bezzi, M. (1919) Fruit flies of the genus Dacus sensu-latiore (Diptera) from the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 15, 411–443.
Boykin, L.M., Schutze, M.K., Krosch, M.N., Chomič, A., Chapman, T.A., Engelzou, A., Armstrong, K.F., Clarke, A.R., Hailstones, D. & Cameron, S.L. (2014) Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of south-east Asian pest members of the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) does not support current taxonomy. Journal of Applied Entomology, 138, 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12047
Catullo, R.A., Yeap, H.L., Lee, S.F., Bragg, J.G., Cheesman, J., De Faveri, S., Edwards, O., Hee, A.K.W., Popa, A.D., Schiffer, M. & Oakeshott, J.G. (2019) A genome-wide approach for uncovering evolutionary relationships of Australian Bactrocera species complexes (Diptera: Tephritidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 33, 618–627. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS18065
David, K.J., Hancock, D.L., Singh, S.K., Ramani, S., Behere, S.T. & Salini, S. (2017) New species, new records and updated subgeneric key of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) from India. Zootaxa, 4272 (3), 386–400. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.4
David, K.J. & Ramani, S. (2019) New Species, redescriptions and phylogenetic revision of tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India based on morphological characters. Zootaxa, 4551 (2), 101–146. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4551.2.1
Dobzhansky, T. (1935) A critique of the species concept in biology. Philosophy of Science, 2, 344–355. https://doi.org/10.1086/286379
Doorenweerd, C., San Jose M., Leblanc, L., Barr, N., Geib, S., Chung, A.Y.C., Dupuis, J., Ekayanti, A., Fiegalan, E.R., Hemachandra, K.S., Hossain, M.A., Huang, C.-L., Yu, F.H., Morris, K.Y., Mustapeng, A.M., Niogret, J., Thai, H.P., Sirisena, U.G.A.I. & Rubinoff, D. (2020) DNA barcodes and reliable molecular identifications in a diverse group of invasive pests: lessons from Bactrocera fruit flies on variation across the CO1 gene, introgression, and standardization. BioRxiv, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.23.394510
Doorenweerd, C., San Jose, M., Geib, S., Dupuis, J., Leblanc, L., Barr, N., Fiegalan, E.R., Morris, K.Y. & Rubinoff, D. (2022) A phylogenomic approach to species delimitation in the mango fruit fly (Bactrocera frauenfeldi) complex: A new synonym of an important pest species with variable morphotypes (Diptera: Tephritidae). Systematic Entomology, 1–13. [published online] https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12559
Drew, R.A.I. (1969) Morphology of the reproductive system of Strumeta tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Trypetidae) with a method of distinguishing sexually mature males. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 8, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1969.tb00729.x
Drew, R.A.I. (1987) Behavioural strategies of fruit flies of the genus Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) significant in mating and host-plant relationships. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 77, 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000748530001155X
Drew, R.A.I. (1989) The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian regions. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 26, 1–521.
Drew, R.A.I. (2004) Biogeography and speciation in the Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). In: Evenhuis, N.L., Kaneshiro, K.Y. (Eds.), D Elmo Hardy Memorial Volume, Contributions to the Systematics and Evolution of Diptera. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology, 12, pp. 165–178.
Drew, R.A.I. & Hancock, D.L. (1994) The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, Supplement 2, i–iii + 1–68. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1367426900000278
Drew, R.A.I. & Hancock, D.L. (2000) Phylogeny of the Tribe Dacini (Dacinae) based on morphological, distributional and biological data. In: Aluja, M., Norrbom, A.L. (Eds.), Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420074468.ch19
Drew, R.A.I. & Lloyd, A.C. (1987) The relationship of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their bacteria to host plants. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 80, 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/80.5.629
Drew, R.A.I., Raghu, S. & Halcoop, P. (2008) Bridging the morphological and biological species concepts: studies on the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in South-east Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 93, 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00952.x
Drew, R.A.I., Rodgers, D.J., Vijaysegaran, S. & Moore, C.J. (2008) Mating activity of Bactrocera cacuminata (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on its larval host plant Solanum mauritianum Scopoli in southeast Queensland. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 98, 77–81. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485307005408
Drew, R.A.I. & Romig, M.C. (2013) Tropical fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae) of South-East Asia, Indomalaya to North-West Australasia. CABI, Wallingford, 653 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780640358.0000
Drew, R.A.I. & Romig, M.C. (2016) Keys to the tropical fruit flies (Tephritidae: Dacinae) of South-East Asia, Indomalaya to North-West Australasia. CABI, Wallingford, 485 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780644196.0000
Drew, R.A.I. & Romig, M.C. (2022) The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, associated islands and Bougainville. CABI, Wallingford, 124 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789249514.0000
Dupuis, J.R., Bremer, F.T., Kauwe, A., San Jose, M., Leblanc, L., Rubinoff, D. & Gelb, S.M. (2018) HIMAP: robust phylogenomics from highly multiplexed amplicon sequencing. Molecular Ecology Resources, 2018, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12783
Hall, R. (1998) The plate tectonics of Cenozoic South East Asia and the distribution of land and sea. In: Hall, R. & Holloway, J.D. (Eds.), Biogeography and geological evolution of South East Asia. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 99–131
Hall, R. (2001) Cenozoic reconstructions of South East Asia and the South West Pacific: Changing patterns of land and sea. In: Metcalfe, I., Smith, J.M.B., Morwood, M. & Davidson, I.D. (Eds.), Faunal and floral migrations and evolution in South East Asia—Australasia. A.A. Balkema (Swets and Zeitlinger) Publishers, Lisse, pp. 35–56
Hancock, D.L. & Drew, R.A.I. (2006) A revised classification of subgenera and species groups in Dacus Fabricius (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: Merz, B. (Ed.), Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biology of tephritoid flies (Diptera, Tephritoidea). Proceedings of the third tephritoid taxonomist’s meeting, Geneva, 19–24 July 2004. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis, 7, pp. 167–205.
Hancock, D.L. & Drew, R.A.I. (2018) A review of the subgenera Apodacus Perkins, Hemizeugodacus Hardy, Neozeugodacus May, stat. rev., Semicallantra Drew and Tetradacus Miyake of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Australian Entomologist, 45 (1), 105–132.
Hancock, D.L., Freidberg, A. & Friedman, A.-L.-L. (2021) Tephritidae. Chapter 71 (True fruit flies). In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera, Volume 3, Brachycera: Cyclorrhapha, excluding Calyptratae. Suricata. Vol. 8. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 1669–1734.
Hancock, D.L, Hamacek, E.L., Lloyd, A.C. & Elson-Harris, M.M. (2000a) The distribution and host plants of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Australia. Queensland Department of Primary Industries Information Series, QI99067, i–iii + 1–75.
Hancock, D.L., Osborne, R., Broughton, S. & Gleeson, P. (2000b) Eradication of Bactrocera papayae (Diptera: Tephritidae) by male annihilation and protein baiting in Queensland, Australia. In: Tan, K.-H. (Ed.), Area-wide control of fruit flies and other insect pests. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, pp. 381–388.
Hardy, D.E. (1969) Taxonomy and distribution of the oriental fruit fly and related species (Tephritidae—Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 20, 395–428.
Hardy, D.E. (1974) The fruit flies of the Philippines (Diptera—Tephritidae). Pacific Insects Monograph, 32, 1–266.
Hardy, D.E. (1977) Family Tephritidae (Trypetidae, Trupaneidae). In: Delfinado, M.D. & Hardy, D.E. (Eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Vol. III. Suborder Cyclorrhapha (excluding Division Aschiza). University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 44–134.
Hardy, D.E. & Adachi, M.S. (1954) Studies in the fruit flies of the Philippine Islands, Indonesia and Malaya, Part I, Dacini (Tephritidae—Diptera). Pacific Science, 8, 147–204.
Hardy, D.E. & Adachi, M.S. (1956) Insects of Micronesia, Diptera: Tephritidae. Bishop Museum Bulletin, 14, 1–28.
Hassani, I.M., Delatte, H., Ravaomanarivo, L.H.R., Nouhou, S. & Duyck, P.-F. (2022) Niche partitioning via host plants and altitude among fruit flies following the invasion of Bactrocera dorsalis. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 1–11. [published online] https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12522
Hendel, F.G. (1912) H. Sauter’s Formosa—Ausbeute. Genus Dacus, Fabricius (1805) Diptera. Supplementa Entomologica, 1, 13–24.
Hering, E.M. (1956) Trypetidae (Diptera) von Ceylon. (53. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae. Verharndlungen der Naturforschanden Gesellschaft in Basel, Basel, 67, 62–74.
Kapoor, V.C. (1971) Four new species of fruit flies (Tephritidae) from India. Oriental Insects, 5, 477–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1971.10434030
Jiang, F., Pan, X., Li, X., Yu, Y., Zhang, J., Jiang, H., Dou, L. & Zhu, S. (2016) The first complete mitochondrial genome of Dacus longicornis (Diptera: Tephritidae). Scientific Reports, 6. [published online] https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36426
Krosch, M.N., Schutze, M.K., Armstrong, K.F., Graham, G.C., Yeates, D.K. & Clarke, A.C. (2012) A molecular phylogeny for the tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae): systematic and biogeographical implications. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, 64, 513–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.006
Kunprom, C. & Pramual, P. (2019) DNA barcoding of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand: ambiguity, misidentification and cryptic diversity. Mitochondrial DNA, Part A, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1693550
Lambert, D.M. & Paterson, H.E.H. (1982) Morphological resemblance and its relationship to genetic distance measures. Evolutionary Theory, 5, 291–300.
Leblanc, L., Bhandari, B.P., Aryal, L.N. & Bista, S. (2019) New country records and annotated checklist of the dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) of Nepal. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 51 (2), 39–46.
Leblanc, L., Hossain, M.A., Doorenweerd, C., Khan, S.A., Momen, M., San Jose, M. & Rubinoff, D. (2019) Six years of fruit fly surveys in Bangladesh: a new species, 33 new country records and discovery of the highly invasive Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys, 876, 87–109. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.876.38096
Leblanc, L., Hossain, M.A., Khan, S.A., San Jose, M. & Rubinoff, D. (2013) A preliminary survey of the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of Bangladesh. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 45, 51–58.
Leblanc, L., San Jose, M., Barr, N. & Rubinoff, D. (2015) A phylogenetic assessment of the polymorphic nature and intraspecific color polymorphism in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys, 540, 339–367. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9786
Leblanc, L., Tora Vueti, E., Drew, R.A.I. & Allwood, A.J. (2012) Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) in the Pacific Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 44, 11–53.
Leblanc, L., Tsatsia, F. & Doorenweerd, C. (2021) Novel lures and COI sequences reveal cryptic new species of Bactrocera fruit flies in the Solomon Islands (Diptera, Tephritidae, Dacini). ZooKeys, 1057, 49–103. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1057.68375
Maneesh, P.S., Sharma, I., Hancock, D.L. & Prabhakar, C.S. (2022) A new species of Bactrocera Macquart and a new distribution record of Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) from India. Zootaxa, 5168 (2), 237–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5168.2.9
Norrbom, A.L., Carroll, L.E., Thompson, F.C., White, I.M. & Freidberg, A. (1998) Systematic database of names. In: Thompson, F.C., (Ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database. Myia, 9, 65–251.
Novotny, V., Clarke, A.R., Drew, R.A.I., Balagawi, S. & Clifford, B. (2005) Host specialization and species richness of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a New Guinea rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 21, 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467404002044
Novotny, V., Miller, S.E., Hulcr, J., Drew, R.A.I., Basset, Y., Janda, M., Setliff, G.P., Darrow, K., Stewart, A.J.A., Auga, J., Isua, B., Molem, K., Manumbor, M., Tamtiai, E., Mogia, M. & Weiblen, G.D. (2007) Low beta diversity of herbivorous insects in tropical forests. Nature, 448, 692–695. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06021
Novotny, V., Miller, S.E., Baje, L., Balagawi, S., Basset, Y., Cizek, L., Craft, K.J., Dem, F., Drew, R.A.I., Hulcr, J., Leps, J., Lewis, O.T., Pokon, R., Stewart, A.J.A., Samuelson, G.A. & Weiblen, G.D. (2010) Guild-specific patterns of species richness and host specialization in plant-herbivore food webs from a tropical forest. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79, 1193–1203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01728.x
Nugnes, F., Russo, E., Viggiani, G. & Bernardo, U. (2018) First record of an invasive fruit fly belonging to Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Europe. Insects, 9 (182), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects9040182
Paterson, H.E.H. (1973) Animal species studies. In: Paterson, H.E.H. & James, S.H., Animal and plant speciation studies in Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 56, 31–36
Paterson, H.E.H. (1985) The recognition concept of species. In: Vrba, E.S. (Ed.), Species and speciation. Transvaal Museum Monograph No. 4. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, pp. 21–29.
Ramani, S., David, K.J., Viraktamath, C.A. & Kumar, A.R.V. (2008) Identity and distribution of Bactrocera caryeae (Kapoor) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)—a species under the Bactrocera dorsalis complex in India. Biosystematica, 2 (1), 49–57.
Rasolofoarivao, H., Ravoamanarivo, L.H.R. & Delatte, H. (2022) Host plant ranges of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Madagascar. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 112, 1−12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485321000511
San Jose, M., Doorenweerd, C., Leblanc, L., Barr, N., Geib, S. & Rubinoff, D. (2018) Incongruence between molecules and morphology: a seven gene phylogeny of Dacini fruit flies paves the way for reclassification (Diptera: Tephritidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 121, 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.001
Sasic Zoric, L., Kurtek, L., Djan, M. & Vujic, A. (2020) DNA barcoding of hoverflies (Diptera Syrphidae)—new species discovery in the Merodon aureus species group. Book of Proceedings of the GEA (Geo Eco-Eco Agro) International Conference, Podgorica, Montenegro, 28–29 May. [unknown pagination]
Song, S.-L., Yong, H.-S, Suana, I.W. & Lim, P.-E. (2018) Complete mitochondrial genome of Bactrocera ritsemai (Insecta: Tephritidae) and phylogenetic relationship with its cogeners and related tephritid taxa. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 21, 252–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.12.009
Steck, G.J., Fox, A.J., Carrillo, D., Dean, D., Roda, A., Epsky, N.D. & Smith, T.R. (2019) Oriental fruit fly eradication in Florida 2015–2016, Program implementation, unique aspects, and lessons learned. American Entomologist, 65, 108–121. https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/tmz023
Tseng, Y.-H., Chen, C.-C. & Chu, Y.-I. (1992) The fruit flies, genus Dacus Fabricius of Taiwan (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 45, 15–91.
Tsuruta, K. & White, I.M. (2001) Eleven new species of genus Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Sri Lanka. Entomological Science, 4, 69–87.
Wallace, A.R. (1889) Darwinism: an exposition of the theory of naturalselection with some of its applications. Macmillan, London, XVI + 494 + II pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2472
Whitmore, T.C. (1986) Tropical Rainforests of the Far East. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 352 pp.
USDA (2016) U.S. Department of Agriculture, USDA-APHIS-PPQ fruit fly host lists and host assessments. Available from: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/planthealth/plant-pest-and-disease-programs/pests-and-diseases/fruit-flies/host-lists (accessed 7 September 2022)
van Sauers-Muller, A. (2005) Host plants of the carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Suriname, South America. Neotropical Entomology, 34 (2), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2005000200008
Yaakop, S., Ibrahim, N.J., Sharif, S. & Zain, B.M.Md. (2015) Molecular clock analysis on five Bactrocera species flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on combination of COI and NADH sequences. Oriental Insects, 49, 150–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2015.1081421
Yong, H.-S., Chua, K.-O., Song, S.-L., Liew, Y.J.-M., Eamsobhana, P. & Chan, K.-G. (2021) Complete mitochondrial genome of Dacus vijaysegarani and phylogenetic relationships with congeners and other tephritid fruit flies (Insecta: Diptera). Molecular Biology Reports, 48, 6047–6056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06608-2
Zhang, B., Liu, Y.H., Wu, W.X. & Wang, Z.L. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of Bactrocera species (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) inferred from mitochondrial sequences of 165rDNA and COI sequences. Florida Entomologist, 93, 369–377. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.093.0308

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3