Abstract
The fairy shrimp Dendrocephalus brasiliensis was first found in Brazil in temporary rainpools in the northeastern states of Piauí and Bahia. Gradually, new records were added in other northeastern states up to the state of Minas Gerais, in the Southeast region of the country. The species was even found south of Minas Gerais in the state of São Paulo, but not in wild conditions, but in rearing tanks associated with aquaculture practices. On the other hand, D. brasiliensis was reported much further south, in Argentina, living in temporary natural environments, in northern and central provinces and even in a Patagonian province. The wide latitudinal distribution of the species with a striking gap between Brazilian and Argentinean records has been questioned by some researchers. In the present paper we reexamine the Argentinean records of D. brasiliensis and provide an update of the geographic distribution of the species of the genus in this country.