Two new neotropical species of the ectomycorrhizal gasteroid genus Calostoma (Sclerodermatineae, Boletales) used as a food source by the Ayuuk jä’äy ethnic group from Southern Mexico

Abstract

During a study of fungal species with biocultural importance in the Sierra Mixe in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, specimens belonging to the genus Calostoma were collected in 2015. Morphological characteristics, electron micrographs and phylogenetic analyses of the collected specimens were used to identify the fungi at the species level. Herein we describe Calostoma naaxtutus and Calostoma tooteic as new species and compared them morphologically and phylogenetically with their most similar species, C. cinnabarinum. This constitutes one of the few records of any mushroom species that the Mexican Ayuuk jä’äy ethnic group uses.