Rediscovery of the giant featherback Chitala lopis (Notopteridae) in its type locality resolves decades of taxonomic confusion

Author:

Wibowo A1,Haryono H2,Kurniawan K1,Prakoso VA134,Dahruddin H2,Lestari Surbani I5,Jaya YYP6,Sudarsono S6,Rochman F1,Muslimin B1,Sukmono T7,Rourke ML38,Ahnelt H910,Funge-Smith S11,Hubert N12

Affiliation:

1. Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, West Java 16915, Indonesia

2. Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, West Java 16915, Indonesia

3. Gulbali Institute for Agriculture, Water and Environment, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia

4. School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia

5. Yayasan Selaras Hijau Indonesia, Jl. Bumi Perkemahan RT 05 RW 03 Desa Tangkit, Kecamatan Sungai Gelam, Muaro Jambi, Jambi 36363, Indonesia

6. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Representation in Indonesia, Menara Thamrin Bld. 7th floor, Jalan M.H. Thamrin Kav. 3, Jakarta 10250, Indonesia

7. Department of Biology, University of Jambi, Jalan Lintas Jambi-Muara Bulian Km 15, Jambi 36122, Indonesia

8. Department of Primary Industries, Narrandera Fisheries Centre, PO Box 182, Narrandera, NSW 2700, Australia

9. Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria

10. First Zoological Department, Natural History, Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria

11. Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy

12. Université Montpellier (UMR) 5554 Institut des sciences de l’évolution de Montpellier (ISEM) (IRD, UM, CNRS, EPHE), Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier cedex 05 34095, France

Abstract

Unresolved taxonomy poses a significant challenge for conservation and recovery efforts of freshwater fishes in Indonesia. Asian featherbacks of the genus Chitala are found in Java, Sumatra and Borneo, and currently thought to comprise 3 of 6 species: C. lopis, C. hypselonotus, and C. borneensis. According to the IUCN, Chitala species are of Least Concern in Indonesia, except for C. lopis, which is considered Extinct. However, the taxonomy of Chitala species is unclear, with 3 nominal species (C. lopis, C. hypselonotus and C. borneensis) historically synonymized under a single name (C. lopis), but more recently tentatively considered as a valid species. The recent rediscovery of C. lopis in its type locality (Java) since last recorded in 1851 enabled a comprehensive genetic and morphological study of the 3 nominal species to clarify their status. We examined 151 mitochondrial sequences from all known species of Chitala, including sequences from the type localities of the 3 taxa in question. We identified 3 well-supported clades corresponding to C. lopis, C. hypselonotus, and C. borneensis. The analyses of 22 measurements identified several diagnostic characters between C. lopis and C. borneensis. We provide evidence that C. lopis is not extinct and is widespread across Java, Sumatra and Borneo. In contrast, C. hypselonotus has a more restricted distribution to Central Sumatra and may be at risk of extinction given it has not been collected from the Musi River since 2015. We argue for an urgent revision of the IUCN conservation status of the 3 species and recommend an expansion of molecular-based inventories to all freshwater fishes in Indonesia.

Publisher

Inter-Research Science Center

Subject

Nature and Landscape Conservation,Ecology

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