Light-level geolocators reveal spatial variations in interactions between northern fulmars and fisheries

Author:

Dupuis B12,Amélineau F2,Tarroux A3,Bjørnstad O4,Bråthen VS5,Danielsen J6,Descamps S2,Fauchald P3,Hallgrimsson GT7,Hansen ES8,Helberg M9,Helgason HH210,Jónsson JE11,Kolbeinsson Y12,Lorentzen E2,Thompson P13,Thórarinsson TL12,Strøm H2

Affiliation:

1. Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France

2. Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway

3. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway

4. Grødheimvegen 18, 4280 Skudeneshavn, Norway

5. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, PO Box 5685 Torgard, 7485 Trondheim, Norway

6. Faroe Marine Research Institute, Nóatún 1, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands

7. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland

8. South Iceland Nature Research Centre, Ægisgata 2, 900 Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland

9. Østfold University College, PO Box 700, 1757 Halden, Norway

10. East Iceland Nature Research Centre, Mýrargötu 10, 740 Neskaupstaður, Iceland

11. University of Iceland’s Research Centre at Snæfellsnes, Hafnargata 3, 340 Stykkishólmur, Iceland

12. Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre, Hafnarstétt 3, 640 Húsavík, Iceland

13. Lighthouse Field Station, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, IV11 8YL, UK

Abstract

Seabird-fishery interactions are a common phenomenon of conservation concern. Here, we highlight how light-level geolocators provide promising opportunities to study these interactions. By examining raw light data, it is possible to detect encounters with artificial lights at night, while conductivity data give insight on seabird behaviour during encounters. We used geolocator data from 336 northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis tracked from 12 colonies in the North-East Atlantic and Barents Sea during the non-breeding season to (1) confirm that detections of artificial lights correspond to encounters with fishing vessels by comparing overlap between fishing effort and both the position of detections and the activity of birds during encounters, (2) assess spatial differences in the number of encounters among wintering areas and (3) test whether some individuals forage around fishing vessels more often than others. Most (88.1%) of the tracks encountered artificial light at least once, with 9.5 ± 0.4 (SE) detections on average per 6 mo non-breeding season. Encounters occurred more frequently where fishing effort was high, and birds from some colonies had higher probabilities of encountering lights at night. During encounters, fulmars spent more time foraging and less time resting, strongly suggesting that artificial lights reflect the activity of birds around fishing vessels. Inter-individual variability in the probability of encountering light was high (range: 0-68 encounters per 6 mo non-breeding season), meaning that some individuals were more often associated with fishing vessels than others, independently of their colony of origin. Our study highlights the potential of geolocators to study seabird-fishery interactions at a large scale and a low cost.

Publisher

Inter-Research Science Center

Subject

Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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