Key issues in assessing threats to sea turtles: knowledge gaps and future directions

Author:

Fuentes MMPB1,McMichael E2,Kot CY3,Silver-Gorges I1,Wallace BP4,Godley BJ5,Brooks AML6,Ceriani SA7,Cortés-Gómez AA8,Dawson TM9,Dodge KL10,Flint M11,Jensen MP1213,Komoroske LM14,Kophamel S15,Lettrich MD2,Long CA16,Nelms SE5,Patrício AR517,Robinson NJ1819,Seminoff JA20,Ware M21,Whitman ER22,Chevallier D23,Clyde-Brockway CE2425,Korgaonkar SA26,Mancini A27,Mello-Fonseca J28,Monsinjon JR29,Neves-Ferreira I28,Ortega AA30,Patel SH31,Pfaller JB32,Ramirez MD33,Raposo C17,Smith CE34,Abreu-Grobois FA35,Hays GC

Affiliation:

1. Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA

2. ECS Federal in support of Office of Science and Technology, NOAA Fisheries, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA

3. Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA

4. Ecolibrium, Inc., 5343 Aztec Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA 5Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK

5. Cape Eleuthera Institute, PO Box EL-26029 Rock Sound, Eleuthera, The Bahamas

6. Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA

7. Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Equipe de Processus Ecologiques et Pressions Anthropiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Bures-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France

8. Marine Turtle Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA

9. Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, USA

10. One Welfare and Sustainability Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA

11. Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark

12. Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia

13. Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA

14. Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, John Gorton Building, King Edward Terrace, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia

15. School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0410, USA

16. Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE)/Aquatic Research Network (ARNET), Instituto Universitário (ISPA), 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal

17. Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003 Barcelona, Spain

18. Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Carrer d’Eduardo Primo Yúfera 1B, 46013 Valencia, Spain

19. NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 90237, USA

20. Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28409, USA

21. Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida 33181, USA

22. BOREA Research Unit, MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, IRD, UCN, UA, Campus Martinique, 97217 Les Anses d’Arlet, Martinique, French West Indies, France

23. Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805, USA

24. The Leatherback Trust, Avenida Central, Calle 35, San José, Costa Rica

25. Department of Endangered Species Management, Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun, Utarakhand 248001, India

26. Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23098, Mexico

27. Reef System Ecology and Conservation Lab, Department of Marine Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-201, Brazil

28. Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Délégation Océan Indien (DOI), 97420 Le Port, La Réunion, France

29. The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia

30. Coonamessett Farm Foundation, 277 Hatchville Road, East Falmouth, Massachusetts 02536, USA

31. NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149, USA

32. Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, USA

33. School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia

34. Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 811, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, Mexico

35. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia

Abstract

Sea turtles are an iconic group of marine megafauna that have been exposed to multiple anthropogenic threats across their different life stages, especially in the past decades. This has resulted in population declines, and consequently many sea turtle populations are now classified as threatened or endangered globally. Although some populations of sea turtles worldwide are showing early signs of recovery, many still face fundamental threats. This is problematic since sea turtles have important ecological roles. To encourage informed conservation planning and direct future research, we surveyed experts to identify the key contemporary threats (climate change, direct take, fisheries, pollution, disease, predation, and coastal and marine development) faced by sea turtles. Using the survey results and current literature, we also outline knowledge gaps in our understanding of the impact of these threats and how targeted future research, often involving emerging technologies, could close those gaps.

Publisher

Inter-Research Science Center

Subject

Nature and Landscape Conservation,Ecology

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