The Rectangular Bin Challenge: Using 3D Simulation to Explore New Bin Filler Methods for Apple Harvest Platforms

Abstract

HighlightsBin filler design and bin dimensions determine the apple distribution in the bin.The performance of new apple distribution systems was estimated with 3D simulations.A simulated lemniscate path showed improved apple distribution in rectangular bins.3D simulation provides an efficient tool for design decisions before prototype production.Abstract. Mechanical harvest platforms equipped with conveyors are meant to replace the traditional apple-picking ladders and buckets; however, their feasibility has not yet been exhaustively established. The conveyors transport picked apples to the bin filler, which distributes the fruit into the bins. Commercial harvest platforms are designed to perform well with square bins; however, Israeli apple industry bins are rectangular. This results in non-uniform apple distribution, which requires human intervention and contributes to apple bruising and economic loss. In this study, 3D simulation was used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of three novel bin filler designs (back-and-forth, double disk, and lemniscate) and compare them to commercial bin fillers. The bin filler models were tested for the uniformity of the apple distribution in square and rectangular bins. The angle of repose and the standard deviation of the height of the top layer of apples were calculated. The commercial bin filler model performed better when filling a square bin (angle = 12°, SD height = 31 mm) than a rectangular bin (angle = 18°, SD height = 71 mm). The lemniscate model (angle = 10°, SD height = 41 mm) outperformed the two other novel models as well as the commercial bin filler model (angle = 18°, SD height = 67 mm). A machine design for the lemniscate model is proposed. The quantitative method described in this study illustrates the potential benefit of 3D simulation as an inexpensive means to explore the feasibility of new harvest devices. Keywords: 3D simulation, Apple, Bin filler, Fruit distribution, Harvest, Mechanical platform.