Estimating WEPP Cropland Erodibility Values From Soil Properties

Abstract

Highlights Very fine sand is the single most important variable for predicting rill and interrill erodibility values. Slope steepness is the most important property for predicting critical shear for rill erosion. Erodibility prediction equations with the best goodness-of-fits have both soil texture and mineralogy terms. Equations to predict erodibility from texture, organic carbon, cation exchange, slope, and taxonomy are proposed. Abstract. In the late 1980s, the USDA Agricultural Research Service, along with other federal agencies and multiple universities, collaborated to develop a new physically based soil erosion model, the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model. The WEPP model was intended to replace the Universal Soil Loss Equation and was to include estimates for upland runoff and erosion, sediment delivery to first order channels, and runoff and sediment routing through a downstream channel network. The WEPP technology estimated erosion from raindrop splash and sheet flow (interrill erosion) and concentrated channel flow (rill erosion). To make these erosion estimates, WEPP required new soil erodibility values for interrill erodibility (Ki). rill erodibility (Kr), and critical shear (𝜏c) for concentrated flow erosion. The WEPP Core team determined that they needed to estimate these three erodibility values from measurable soil properties for a wide range of soil conditions. To develop relationships between WEPP soil erodibility variables and other soil properties, a field study was carried out using rainfall and runoff simulation to measure the three erodibility values for 36 soils. Sites were identified on croplands from Washington to Georgia and Maine to California, USA for erodibility measurement. Concurrently, the USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS) carried out detailed soil surveys and laboratory analyses for all sites to provide a large database of soil physical, chemical, and engineering properties. Correlation and regression analyses were carried out to develop relationships between SCS measurable soil properties and WEPP soil erodibility values. This article provides a summary of the field procedures, data analyses, and subsequent predictive equations that were developed. The predictive equations that were finalized in the WEPP User Summary used sand, very fine sand, clay, and organic carbon contents to predict cropland soil erodibility, but the Coefficient of Determination (r2) values were 0.55 or less. More complex predictive equations were developed with soil physical, chemical, mineralogical, and geomorphic properties, with r2 values up to 0.81. Most of the better predictive equations included terms for soil texture and clay mineralogy, often with additional chemical properties. A set of simplified erodibility equations using only the readily available properties of soil texture, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, slope steepness, and taxonomic order were derived for use within the WEPP Model, with r2 values greater than 0.5 for all three equations for estimating soil erodibility from measurable soil properties. Keywords: Critical Shear, Interrill Erodibility, Rill Erodibility, Soil Properties, WEPP.