1. 1) B. Chalmers: Trans. A.I.M.E. 200 (1954) 519–532.
2. 2) R. E. Reed-Hill and R. Abbaschian: Physical Metallurgy Principles, 3rd ed., (PWS–Kent, Boston, 1992) pp. 434–436.
3. 3) B. Chalmers: Principles of Solidification (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1964) pp. 117.