1. 1) G. A. Chadwick and D. A. Smith (editors): Grain Boundary Structure and Properties, Academic Press, London, (1986).
2. 2) S. Karashima (editor): in Grain Boundary Structure and Related Phenomena, supplement to Trans. JIM, 27 (1986).
3. 3) Y. Ishida, M. Morita, T. Suga, H. Ichinose, O. Ohashi and J. Echigoya (editors): Interface Science and Material Interconnection, The Japan Institute of Metals, Sendai (1996).
4. 4) R. Birringer, U. Herr and H. Gleiter: Trans. JIM, 27 (1986), 43-52.
5. 5) H. Gleiter: Prog. Mater. Sci., 33 (1989), 223-315.