Sustainable Integrated Pest Management using Pheromones: Types, Synthesis, Mechanism of Action and Applications

Abstract

Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies have been developed to combat the health, environmental and organismal adverse effects of conventional pesticides. It is possible to control agricultural and forestry pests by using insect pheromones. Recently, pheromone research has been influenced significantly by advances in agriculture as well as in technical aspects. Pheromone research is discussed in this review including synthesis, mechanism and application in integrated pest management. Moreover, the synthesis of certain chiral, racemic, monoolefinic and poly-olefinic pheromones has evolved a standard method for the manufacture of similar compounds. IPM is concluded with an in-depth discussion of pheromones' role in IPM. Further, it provides faster directions to organic chemists and entomologists in the development of eco-friendly tools. Future green agriculture will depend heavily on pheromones for its sustainability.