Efek Penyakit Kronis terhadap Gangguan Mental Emosional

Abstract

Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2007 menunjukkan 11,6% penduduk Indonesia berumur 15 tahun ke atas mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penyakit kronis terhadap gangguan mental emosional. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang mengggunakan data Riskesdas tahun 2007. Sebanyak 660.452 responden berusia di atas 15 tahun yang tidak mengalami gangguan jiwa dijadikan sampel. Gangguan mental emosional dinyatakan ada jika responden mem-punyai paling tidak enam dari 20 gangguan. Penyakit kronis seperti tuberculosis (TB) paru, hepatitis, jantung, diabetes, kanker, dan stroke diukur melalui wawancara yang didasarkan pada diagnosis petugas kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sepuluh penderita penyakit kronis, dua sampai lima penderita akan mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Analisis regresi logistik multivariat memperlihatkan bahwa risiko gangguan mental emosional semakin tinggi bersamaan dengan semakin banyak jumlah penyakit kronis yang diderita oleh responden. Responden yang menderita satu penyakit kronis berisiko 2,6 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami gangguan mental emosional, yang menderita dua penyakit kronis berisiko 4,6 kali, yang menderita tiga penyakit kronis atau lebih berisiko 11 kali. Kementerian Kesehatan disarankan untuk mengembangkan standar pelayanan penyakit kronis terkait dengan pengurangan dampak pada gangguan mental emosional dan dibentuknya tim bimbingan teknis pelayanan penyakit kronis.Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) year 2007 showed that 11.6 percent of Indonesia’s population aged 15 years and above suffering from mental emotional disorder. This study aimed to examine the effects of chronic illness to the mental emotional disorders. A cross-sectional study was performed that used Riskesdas 2007 data. Atotal of 660,452 respondents aged 15 years and over who are mentally health become sample of this study. Mental emotional disorders exist if they have at least six of the 20 disorder. Chronic diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and stroke were measured based on diagnosis by health pro-fesional. The results showed that out of ten respondents with chronic illness, aproximately two to five will suffering from mental emotional disorder. Multivariat logistic regression analysis shows that the risk of developing mental emotional disorders higher as more number of chronic illnesses suffered by the respondent. Respondents suffering from one chronic disease were 2.6 times greater risk for emotional mental disorder, suffering from two chronic dis-ease have risk 4.6 times, which had three or more chronic disease risk have risk 11 times. It is suggested that the Ministry of Health to develop a standard of care of chronic diseases associated with reducing impact on the mental emotional disorders and establishment of teams for technical guidance chronic disease care.