Keeping the Gweagal Shield: Property and Truth in Matters of Post-colonial Redistribution

Abstract

For decades, the British Museum has been displaying an object in its collection as the shield which was used by Gweagal men defending against Cook’s landing at Kamay in 1770. Following a loan of the shield to the National Museum of Australia in 2015/2016, Gweagal man Rodney Kelly lodged a claim with the British Museum asking for the shield to be repatriated. Soon after, the British Museum facilitated and partly funded research which aimed ‘to test the argument – or widely held belief – that the shield was collected at Botany Bay in 1770’ ( Nugent and Sculthorpe 2018 , 37). The research all but concluded that the shield was not collected at Cook’s landing, and that that shield, if it exists, is now lost ( Thomas 2018 , 25). Despite this questioning of the shield’s identity, it remains on prominent display in the British Museum’s Enlightenment room. In this article, I critically examine the new research on the shield, making two related arguments. I argue first that the research is conceptually limited because it assumes that the Gweagal shield is an empirically definable object of property, and second that the research is practically limited because it has been produced in a material context through which the British Museum has reasserted its control and possession of the shield. Engaging with a range of scholarship that uses different methodologies from those used in the research in question, I argue that the ‘truth’ about the shield cannot be found while it continues to be kept as the British Museum’s property.