This chapter documents both the internal and external displacement of Iraqis since the onset of the war. The Iraqi refugee exodus has been examined at four-year intervals, beginning in 2002 before the onset of the Iraq War, then in 2006 before the upsurge in Sunni–Shiite violence that lasted until 2008. The 2010 examination took place after the separation of most Sunnis and Shiites and the flight of minority populations but before both the March 2010 Iraq elections and the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011. These cross-sectional historical and ethno-religious slices dealing with internally displaced peoples and refugees over twelve years depict the dimensions and character of the Iraqi refugee problem and its legacy in Iraq. They also demonstrate that the war has changed the human geography of Iraq, probably for decades to come, as a direct result of the failure of the United States and its allies to provide a stable and secure environment for its people.