1. For a recent elaboration of this argument see Tony Dickson (ed.): Scottish Capitalism: Class, State and Nation from before the Union to the Present (London, 1980), pp.89-136. Versions of this paper have been given to the Scottish History Graduate Studies Seminar in the Department of History, Univenitv of Guelph. Canada, September 1983, and the Winter Conference of the Economic and Social History Society of Scotland, University of Edinburgh, December 1983. I am grateful to participants in both Canada and Scotland for several helpful comments and criticisms. A shorter, modified version was delivered as a lecture at the Annual Conference of Scottish Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA, and will appear in a forthcoming volume of Scotia: American Canadian Journal of Scottish Studies.
2. For example, T. C. Smout: Scottish Tradeonthe Eve of the Union, 1660-1707 (Edinburgh, 1963) and his 'The Anglo-Scottish Union of 1707: the Economic Background', Economic History Review. 2nd series, XVI (1964).
3. John Clive: 'The Social Background of the Scottish Renaissance' in N. T. Phillipson and Rosalind Mitchison (eds.): Scotland in the Age of Improvement (Edinburgh, 1970), pp.225-244.