Affiliation:
1. Principal Consultant, Construction, BRE Group, Watford, UK (corresponding author: )
2. Consultant, Construction, BRE Group, Watford, UK
Abstract
Cement and concrete are essential for global development. However, cement manufacture is responsible for around 7–8% of global greenhouse gas emissions, with significant growth anticipated. Beyond efficiencies in cement manufacturing, other strategies for using less cement in construction through applying the principles of efficient design, circular economy and reuse also have the potential to reduce emissions. A further option is to move towards cements with different compositions and inherently lower embodied carbon dioxide. This paper focuses on these materials and the challenges to their widespread adoption, drawing mainly on applied research, trials and standardisation activities conducted in the UK and the EU. In addition to modification of standards, basic technical and practical information such as strength development curves, durability, site considerations and a shared broad body of evidence are key for specifiers to consider when using any new cement. The paper describes the role of standards and specifications and the underpinning information (applied research, published case studies and experience) essential in getting any new cement adopted. It also shows how a range of evidence from research and application can feed into a simple conceptual model and evidence base.
Subject
Building and Construction,Civil and Structural Engineering
Reference43 articles.
1. Alberici S, de Beer J, Van der Hoorn I and Staats M (2017) Fly Ash and Blast Furnace Slag for Cement Manufacturing. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, London, UK, BEIS Research Paper No. 19. See https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/660888/fly-ash-blast-furnace-slag-cement-manufacturing.pdf (accessed 13/06/2023).
2. Global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from cement production
3. Accelerated carbonation testing of alkali-activated binders significantly underestimates service life: The role of pore solution chemistry