Biological in situ reinforcement of sand in near-shore areas

Abstract

BioGrout is the process by which bacteria control the precipitation of calcium carbonate while consuming supplied reagents. By controlling the amount of reagents, the amount of calcium carbonate and thus the strength of the reinforced sand body can be engineered. The main advantage of BioGrout is that soil (or sand) can be strengthened, without interfering with the hydraulics of the treated soil and without excavation or replacement. The result is a stiffer sand layer with a higher bearing capacity, higher resistance against erosion and higher resistance against shear forces. The higher strength enables can protect under water slopes against liquefaction and breaching but can also protect dunes or river bends against erosion, reduce costs for wave protection measures (stone protection) etc.