Wall panel renaissance: tilt-up concrete construction

Abstract

Tilt-up is a site-based construction method which involves casting large concrete panels horizontally and tilting them into place to form walls or other building elements. Tilt-up is typically used for low-rise buildings, in particular ‘shed’ type structures, up to a maximum of about four storeys. The technique is said to have originated in the USA, where it is now used for about 7000 buildings per annum. Although tilt-up is used in over 100 countries, including the USA, Australia and New Zealand, to date it has been used for few buildings in the UK, although at least ten are currently under consideration. On the basis of findings from a PhD research project, the paper outlines the development of the current design and construction methods for tilt-up, including structural and architectural design for panels, on-site ‘best practice’ and the most effective means of delivery for tilt-up. Design considerations are analysed and important aspects of the construction process are highlighted to explain the key issues in the practical application of this technique. A summary of construction cost data and results of an attitudinal survey are also presented. The paper includes original findings from research on tilt-up and concludes with recommendations for future use of the technique in the UK.