Inactivation of infectious prions in the environment: a mini-review

Author:

Xu Shanwei1,Rasmussen Jay1,Ding Ning2,Neumann Norman F.3,El-Din Mohamed Gamal2,Belosevic Miodrag4,McAllister Tim1

Affiliation:

1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada

2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

3. School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

4. Department of Biological Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Abstract

Infectious prions (PrPTSE) contribute to horizontal transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Specified risk material (SRM) wastes and wastewater generated from slaughterhouses and rendering plants represent a potential reservoir of PrPTSE. Approved disposal practices for SRM that ensure destruction of PrPTSE, including thermal or alkaline hydrolysis at 150°C–180°C under 4–12 atmospheres and incineration, gasification or combustion at 1000°C, are expensive and challenging to implement in commercial slaughter facilities. Consequently, a large portion of the SRM in Canada is rendered and buried in landfills, whereas they are incinerated at considerable cost in Europe. Alternatives for the disposal of these wastes have been proposed and include anaerobic digestion and composting. These biodegradative processes offer advantages in that they are less energy intensive, CH4 can be used in cogeneration and the end products used as fertiliser. In addition, advanced ozonation of the liquid fraction of SRM may allow its direct release into wastewater streams. For these practices to be adopted, assessment of the extent of PrPTSE inactivation during these processes is required. Moreover, multi-barrier use of these approaches (e.g., anaerobic digestion + composting or anaerobic digestion + ozone) may act synergistically to achieve an acceptable level of PrPTSE inactivation.

Publisher

Thomas Telford Ltd.

Subject

General Environmental Science,Environmental Chemistry,Environmental Engineering

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