Cognitive Functioning and Disability in Schizophrenia

Abstract

Impairments in a variety of cognitive processes, including concentration and attention, learning and memory, processing speed, and problem solving, are present in people with schizophrenia. Also seen in the condition are notable impairments in the ability to perform everyday tasks and to achieve normal functional milestones such as work, stable social relationships, and living independently. In this article I discuss recent research that has focused on quantifying the predictors of disability in real-world functioning, with cognitive impairment being one of the major predictors. Other important developments include the development of direct measures of the ability to perform the skills required to achieve everyday functional goals—skills referred to as “functional capacity.” Studies have shown that these abilities may be influenced by cognitive impairments and may be better predictors of disability than are cognitive deficits. I also examine the current literature on the treatment of cognitive impairments and functional disability, including both pharmacological and behavioral interventions.