Your Brain Is Not an Onion With a Tiny Reptile Inside

Author:

Cesario Joseph1ORCID,Johnson David J.2,Eisthen Heather L.34

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychology, Michigan State University

2. Department of Psychology, University of Maryland

3. Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University

4. BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University

Abstract

A widespread misconception in much of psychology is that (a) as vertebrate animals evolved, “newer” brain structures were added over existing “older” brain structures, and (b) these newer, more complex structures endowed animals with newer and more complex psychological functions, behavioral flexibility, and language. This belief, although widely shared in introductory psychology textbooks, has long been discredited among neurobiologists and stands in contrast to the clear and unanimous agreement on these issues among those studying nervous-system evolution. We bring psychologists up to date on this issue by describing the more accurate model of neural evolution, and we provide examples of how this inaccurate view may have impeded progress in psychology. We urge psychologists to abandon this mistaken view of human brains.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Psychology

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