Monitoring Polyurethane Foaming Reactions Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

Abstract

Polyurethane (PU) foams are finding increasingly wider applications ranging from memory foams and mattresses to cushions and insulation materials. They are prepared by reactions between multifunctional isocyanates and polyols as the two main building blocks, along with other additives, including the blowing agents. A non-contact near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) camera was used in this study to monitor PU foaming reactions between a polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, polyol, and water. Five foams were prepared with three process variables: water content, mixing time, and catalyst levels. Spectral changes characteristic of the PU reactions were observed and clear difference in kinetics could be effectively extracted from such NIR HSI results. The NIR HSI technology offers two substantial advantages over the conventional Fourier transform- (FT-) NIR systems: (i) faster spectral acquisition time and (ii) higher spatial resolution of line images rather than the point measurement. Examples are provided to illustrate these two advantages. The potential to acquire chemical images of PU foams is also demonstrated.