Cultural Values Moderate the Impact of Relative Deprivation

Author:

Smith Heather J.1ORCID,Ryan Desiree A.2,Jaurique Alexandria3,Pettigrew Thomas F.2,Jetten Jolanda4,Ariyanto Amarina5,Autin Frédérique6,Ayub Nadia7,Badea Constantina8,Besta Tomasz9,Butera Fabrizio6,Costa-Lopes Rui10,Cui Lijuan11,Fantini Carole12,Finchilescu Gillian13,Gaertner Lowell14,Gollwitzer Mario15,Gómez Ángel16,González Roberto17,Hong Ying Yi18,Høj Jensen Dorthe19,Karasawa Minoru20,Kessler Thomas21,Klein Olivier12,Lima Marcus22,Renvik Tuuli Anna23,Jasinskaja-Lahti Inga23,Megevand Laura24,Morton Thomas25,Paladino Paola26,Polya Tibor27,Ruza Aleksejs28,Shahrazad Wan29,Sharma Sushama30,Teymoori Ali31,Torres Ana Raquel32,van der Bles Anne Marthe33,Wohl Michael34

Affiliation:

1. Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA

2. University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

3. Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA

4. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

5. University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

6. University of Lausanne, Switzerland

7. Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan

8. Paris Nanterre University, Paris, France

9. University of Gdańsk, Poland

10. University of Lisbon, Portugal

11. East China Normal University, Shanghai, China

12. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium

13. University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

14. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

15. Ludwig-Maximillians Universitat, Munich, Germany

16. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain

17. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

18. Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

19. Aarhus University, Denmark

20. Nagoya University, Japan

21. University of Jena, Germany

22. Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil

23. University of Helsinki, Finland

24. ISCTE—University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal

25. University of Exeter, UK

26. University of Trento, Italy

27. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

28. Daugavpils University, Latvia

29. National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia

30. Kurukshetra University, India

31. University of Bordeaux, France

32. Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil

33. Winton Centre for Risk and Evidence Communication, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

34. Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

Relative deprivation (RD) is the judgment that one or one’s ingroup is worse off compared with some relevant standard coupled with feelings of dissatisfaction, anger, and resentment. RD predicts a wide range of outcomes, but it is unclear whether this relationship is moderated by national cultural differences. Therefore, in the first study, we used national assessments of individual-collectivism and power distance to code 303 effect sizes from 31 different countries with 200,578 participants. RD predicted outcomes ranging from life satisfaction to collective action more strongly within individualistic nations. A second survey of 6,112 undergraduate university students from 28 different countries confirmed the predictive value of RD. Again, the relationship between individual RD and different outcomes was stronger for students who lived in more individualistic countries. Group-based RD also predicted political trust more strongly for students who lived in countries marked by lower power distance. RD effects, although consistent predictors, are culturally bounded. In particular, RD is more likely to motivate reactions within individualistic countries that emphasize individual agency and achievement as a source of self-worth.

Funder

the Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research

Interdisciplinary Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies

National Science Foundation

Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Anthropology,Cultural Studies,Social Psychology

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