From Theory of Work Adjustment to Person–Environment Correspondence Counseling: Vocational Psychology as Positive Psychology

Abstract

This article argues that vocational psychology is, and has been, positive psychology. It provides an overview of the theory of work adjustment (TWA), one of the most robust and best validated theories in vocational psychology. It also provides an introduction to person-environment-correspondence (PEC) counseling, an extension of the TWA concepts and dynamics into the realm of general counseling. Linkages are made between the extensive TWA literature and current conceptualizations regarding well-being. In particular, TWA is related to the work of Moos, Ryan and Deci, and Walsh. Although PEC has yet to generate the research base of TWA, it is argued that, given the similarities between TWA and PEC, one might reasonably expect that many of the connections between TWA and well-being would also generalize to PEC. In addition, it is argued that PEC offers a counseling model that is in keeping with the broader philosophical orientation of positive psychology.