Holistic Listening

Abstract

This theoretical study outlines four levels of listening (intellect, feelings, body, and soul/spirit) and four types of listening (empathy, awareness, countertransference, and resonance) forming a matrix of sixteen cells, because each type can be carried out at each level. Eight possible combinations are described in detail. Any of these ways of listening may be conducted purely in a conscious manner, or bringing in the unconscious as well. Examples are given of working in these various modes, and it is suggested that most of us do most of these things already. Some considerations about the pre/trans fallacy are offered, and some of the implications for the training of counselors and psychotherapists, for research in this area, and for the selection of therapists by clients are also drawn out.