Integration of the Ecological Approach in Tobacco Programs for Youth: A Survey of Canadian Public Health Organizations

Abstract

This study assessed the level of integration of the ecological approach in Canadian public health organizations’ tobacco control programs for youth. The study used a model that identified intervention settings, targets, and strategies as key dimensions of an ecological approach to programs. An inventory of the tobacco youth programs implemented by regional public health organizations identified 148 organizations conducting such programs, 129 of which agreed to participate. Program descriptions were obtained through telephone interviews. The mean number of settings in which programs were implemented was 3 (SD = 1.3), with schools and communities being the most often-used settings. The mean number of different intervention strategies was 3.6 (SD = 1.7). Most frequently, programs directly targeted youths themselves, followed by interpersonal and organizational environment. Overall, the level of integration of the ecological approach was deemed high. Canadian public health organizations’ tobacco control programs aimed at youth are evolving toward a more comprehensive agenda.