Speed- and Endurance-Based Classifications of Community Ambulation Post-Stroke Revisited: The Importance of Location in Walking Performance Measurement

Abstract

Background Gait speed or 6-minute walk test are frequently used to project community ambulation abilities post-stroke by categorizing individuals as household ambulators, limited, or unlimited community ambulators. However, whether improved clinically-assessed gait outcomes truly translate into enhanced real-world community ambulation remains uncertain. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to examine differences in home and community ambulation between established categories of speed- and endurance-based classification systems of community ambulation post-stroke and compare these with healthy controls. Methods Sixty stroke survivors and 18 healthy controls participated. Stroke survivors were categorized into low-speed, medium-speed, or high-speed groups based on speed-based classifications and into low-endurance, medium-endurance, or high-endurance groups based on the endurance-based classification. Home and community steps/day were quantified using Global Positioning System and accelerometer devices over 7 days. Results The low-speed groups exhibited fewer home and community steps/day than their medium- and high-speed counterparts ( P  <  .05). The low-endurance group took fewer community steps/day than the high-endurance group ( P  <  .05). Despite vast differences in clinical measures of gait speed and endurance, the medium-speed/endurance groups did not differ in their home and community steps/day from the high-speed/endurance groups, respectively. Stroke survivors took 48% fewer home steps/day and 77% fewer community steps/day than healthy controls. Conclusions Clinical classification systems may only distinguish home ambulators from community ambulators, but not between levels of community ambulation, especially beyond certain thresholds of gait speed and endurance. Clinicians should use caution when predicting community ambulation status through clinical measures, due to the limited translation of these classification systems into the real world.